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The impersonal passive voice, sometimes called pseudo-passive voice, is a verb voice that decreases the valency of an intransitive verb (which has valency one) to zero.〔Dixon, R. M. W. & Alexandra Aikhenvald (1997). "A Typology of Argument-Determined Constructions. p. 71–112 of Bybee, Haiman, & Thompson (1997). In Bybee, Joan, John Haiman, & Sandra A. Thompson (eds.)(1997). ''Essays on Language Function and Language Type: Dedicated to T. Givón''. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.〕 The impersonal passive deletes the subject of an intransitive verb. In place of the verb's subject, the construction instead may include a syntactic placeholder, also called a ''dummy''. This placeholder has neither thematic nor referential content. (A similar example is the word "there" in the English phrase "There are three books.") The deleted argument can be reintroduced as an ''oblique argument'' or ''complement''. ==Test of unergative verbs== In most languages that allow impersonal passives, only unergative verbs may undergo impersonal passivization. Unaccusative verbs may not. The ability to undergo this transformation is a frequently used test to distinguish unergative and unaccusative verbs. In Turkish, for example, the verb ''çalışmak'' "to work" is unergative and may therefore be passivized: :''Burada çalış-ıl-ır.'' :here work-PASS-PRESENT :Here it is worked. :'Here people work.' The verb ''ölmek'' "to die", however, is unaccusative and may not be passivized: : * :here die-PASS-PRESENT :Here it is died. :'Here people die.' :Here it is alive. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Impersonal passive voice」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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